SWISS DRIVE SYSTEMS
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Industries / Port Equipment

Port Equipment .

A seaport is an environment where drive equipment operates at the intersection of three aggressive factors: salt fog and 100% humidity accelerate corrosion of bearings and windings; gusts up to 35 m/s create the risk of cranes being driven uncontrolled along the rails; and 24/7 cargo handling leaves no window for extended maintenance. An STS quay crane lifts a 65-ton container every 90 seconds, an RTG repositions a stack block without halting the shift, and a ship loader feeds coal at 6,000 t/h — general-purpose series simply do not survive here. The application calls for marine-grade drives with corrosion-resistant coatings, storm-protection rail clamps with anemometer-driven automation, and crane VFDs with regenerative braking energy recovery.

Container terminal with STS quay cranes
Key figures
920 million TEU
handled in the world's ports in 2024 — the volume moved by STS, RTG and RMG drives running 24/7
2 × 600 kW
main-hoist motors of a Doublebox-class STS quay crane at S3 ED 60% duty under AFE drive control
up to 60%
cut in RTG energy consumption when electrified via busbar with regenerative braking energy returned to the grid
≈ 75%
share of converted and new E-RTGs electrified via conductor rail (busbar) — the dominant crane power feed in ports

Context & trends

Diesel RTGs have historically accounted for up to 50% of a container terminal's fuel use, so the sector is shifting en masse to electric drive. Per PEMA, about 75% of converted and new E-RTGs are fed via conductor rail (busbar); this arrangement with online braking cuts crane energy use by up to 60% and local emissions by up to 95%. For SDS this means demand not for the gear-motor alone but for the drive-plus-power-feed package: busbar, cable reel and a regenerative crane VFD.

STS main drives are fed from medium voltage of 3–20 kV through a cable reel and run on AFE converters in four-quadrant mode: container-lowering energy is returned to the grid rather than burned in braking resistors. Main-hoist motors on Doublebox cranes are 2 × 600 kW at intermittent S3 ED 60% duty; the EN 13001 / FEM utilization class is U8, rated for 4 million loading cycles over the service life. The out-of-service wind speed on STS datasheets is 20 m/s, with storm conditions up to 42–51 m/s — which sets the requirements for storm rail clamps.

Typical tasks
01

Gearboxes

Port drivetrains rely on three gearbox families: heavy crane-duty series for the main hoist and gantry travel of quay cranes; industrial gear-motors for trolleys and auxiliary mechanisms; and dedicated conveyor units for bulk-handling systems. The decisive criterion is marine-grade execution: a C5-M anti-corrosion housing coating per ISO 12944, stainless fasteners and breathers, and synthetic oil with anti-emulsification protection in case of seawater ingress. The service factor for port cranes is no less than 1.6, and 2.0 for the STS main hoist to account for shock loads during container handover.

Main hoist of STS quay cranes

Heavy two- and three-stage parallel-shaft gearboxes with a double-helical (herringbone) output stage. Output torque 250–600 kN·m at drive ratings of 800–1,500 kW. CGC ZSY/JST series with split-power transmission are a good fit — they reduce overall envelope at the same rated power and ensure even load sharing between gear meshes. Marine-coated housing, forced circulation lubrication, separate-foundation air-to-oil cooler.

  • Gear ratio 20–63
  • Output torque 250–600 kN·m
  • Service factor ≥ 2.0
  • Anti-corrosion coating C5-M (ISO 12944)
  • Forced lubrication with 10 µm filtration
  • Bearing temperature monitoring via Pt100

Gantry and trolley travel drives

Boneng helical-bevel K-series or parallel-shaft F-series gear-motors — compact mounting on the bogie without a remote motor. Each STS crane wheel has a dedicated gear-motor to prevent rail slip under wind loading. Precise trolley positioning requires VFD operation with an encoder and a gearbox with low output-shaft backlash.

  • K-series (90° helical-bevel) or F-series (parallel-shaft)
  • Gear ratio 25–125
  • Output-shaft backlash ≤ 6 arc-minutes
  • Provision for a shaft-end encoder
  • Marine-grade IP66 execution
  • Reinforced bearings for radial loads

Boom and slewing drives of ship loaders

The slewing platforms of ship loaders and grab unloaders are equipped with planetary gearboxes of high reduction ratio. The luffing drive combines a parallel-shaft gearbox with a brake drum and a compensating hydraulic cylinder. Continuous S1 duty at bulk-handling rates of 1,500–6,000 t/h requires thermal verification of the housing and forced oil cooling.

  • Gear ratio 100–315
  • Output torque up to 1 MN·m (platform slewing)
  • Service factor ≥ 1.8
  • Oil cooler with a closed seawater loop
  • Redundant lubrication system

Conveyor drives for quay systems

General-purpose gear-motors for conveyors handling grain, coal and ore. Long conveyors (300–1,200 m) carry several drive stations per belt with even torque distribution. A heavy start under full load requires SF ≥ 1.5 and a thermal check. On inclined sections a backstop is mandatory to prevent the belt from running backwards on power loss.

  • K-series or R-series (in-line)
  • Service factor ≥ 1.5
  • Backstop mounting option
  • Dust and water ingress protection IP66
  • Twin-drive operation with torque balancing

RTG and RMG terminal crane drives

Rubber-tyred RTGs and rail-mounted RMGs at container terminals are equipped with gear-motors on every gantry wheel and on the trolley. Gantry travel requires precise synchronous control of all wheel drives through closed-loop VFDs — otherwise the gantry skews on uneven pavement. The Boneng HB series is designed for continuous duty in container-terminal conditions.

  • Individual drive on each wheel
  • Synchronization via CAN or PROFIBUS
  • Marine-grade C5-M execution
  • Inverter-duty compatibility
  • PTC thermal protection in the winding
02

Electric motors and variable frequency drives

Main drives of STS quay cranes and ship loaders are induction motors rated 200–1,500 kW at low and medium voltage (380, 660, 1,000 V) with forced cooling and mandatory marine-grade winding insulation. All main port drives run through crane-duty VFDs with regenerative braking energy recovery, returning the container-lowering energy back to the grid — this cuts terminal power consumption by 20–30% and eliminates heat dissipation in braking resistors. The motors face specific demands: reinforced class H insulation for frequent starts, thermal reserve for S4–S6 duty, and bearing protection against induced shaft currents on inverter supply.

STS main hoist motors

Induction motors rated 600–1,500 kW with forced water or air cooling IC81W. The container-handling duty cycle calls for up to 35 working cycles per hour with a starting torque of 1.8 times rated. Wolong WD3000 motors are a good fit, with a 4,096 ppr encoder and thermal reserve for S4 duty. The winding is impregnated with moisture-resistant varnish, with mandatory Pt100 RTDs in every phase and in both bearing shields.

  • Rating 600–1,500 kW, voltage 660/1,000 V
  • Insulation class H, NEMA MG1 Part 31 (inverter-duty)
  • Encoder resolution ≥ 4,096 ppr
  • Insulated bearing on the coupling end
  • Forced cooling, IP55
  • Thermal reserve for S4 — 40 cycles per hour

Travel and trolley motors

Induction motors rated 30–110 kW with a brake integrated into the rear shield. Used on every gantry wheel and on the trolley winch. Marine-grade execution is mandatory — the motors are exposed outdoors to direct salt fog. Wolong YE3/YBX3 series are offered in IP66 with stainless fasteners.

  • Ingress protection IP66, marine-grade
  • Integrated DC brake
  • Anti-corrosion housing coating
  • PTC thermal protection in the winding
  • Inverter-duty compatibility

Crane-duty variable frequency drives

Regenerative VFDs with an active front end (AFE) for main hoist and travel duty. They return up to 95% of the container-lowering energy to the grid, which matters economically — over a shift, every second lowering carries a loaded container and every second a returning empty spreader, and in both cases the braking energy can be reused. INVT GD350-Crane and Inovance MD500-Crane series carry certified software modules for STS, RTG and ship-loader applications with ready-made control macros.

  • AFE regenerative module (energy returned to the grid)
  • Certified crane macros (STS, RTG, ship loader)
  • Four-quadrant control
  • Encoder compatibility
  • Mains dip ride-through 200 ms

Quay-area conveyor motors

Continuous S1 duty at 75–315 kW. The motors operate amid bulk-handling dust and salty humidity. IP66 execution with additional bearing-housing protection against dust ingress. Inclined conveyors require either a brake motor or an external electromagnetic brake to prevent reverse motion.

  • IP66 with additional bearing protection
  • Continuous S1 duty at 100% load
  • Anti-corrosion coating
  • Soft-starter or inverter starting capability
  • Insulation class F with class B temperature rise
03

Brake systems and storm protection

Braking safety on a port crane consists of two independent systems. The first is the service brakes on the main-hoist and trolley winch drums driven by electrohydraulic thrusters. The second is storm protection: rail clamps that hold the crane on its rails under gusts up to 35 m/s during downtime. Without the second system the port cannot be commissioned — this is mandated by port-facility safety rules and FEM standards. Main-hoist winches additionally carry spring-applied emergency brakes that engage on power loss within 0.15–0.2 s.

STS main-hoist disc brakes

Huawu YPZ2/YWZ5 series electrohydraulic disc brakes on the main-hoist winch drum. A dual-brake arrangement is used: a service brake (released by oil pressure, applied by springs) and an emergency brake with an independent hydraulic power unit. On power loss both brakes engage automatically within 0.15 s, holding the container at any point of the lift. Marine-grade execution with anti-corrosion coating and stainless cylinder rods.

  • Braking torque margin 1.75–2.0 over rated
  • Engagement time on power loss ≤ 0.2 s
  • Dual-brake arrangement (service + emergency)
  • Marine-grade execution, salt-fog protection
  • Pad wear monitoring

JINGU CWZ storm rail clamps

CWZ rail clamps are mounted on the gantry of STS cranes and RTG/RMG units. They engage automatically on the anemometer signal when wind speed exceeds the setpoint (typically 20 m/s — out-of-service mode; 28 m/s — mandatory clamping). On mains power loss the clamps engage from a dedicated UPS. They hold the crane under gusts up to 35 m/s with a 1.5 safety factor. It is a port-critical system — without it the crane can be driven down the rails by a gust and destroyed.

  • Hold-down rated for winds up to 35 m/s
  • Anemometer-triggered actuation (20/28 m/s setpoints)
  • UPS backup for 4 hours
  • FEM/CE certification
  • Marine-grade, stainless steel
  • Pneumatic release for maintenance

ZHONGHAI SB marine-grade storm brakes

SB shoe-type storm brakes with increased clamping force and ceramic linings. Used on ship loaders, grab unloaders and portal cranes at open berths. Fully sealed enclosure with salt-corrosion protection and zinc-coated fasteners. Engagement time 0.5–1.5 s, sufficient for storm protection during downtime.

  • Hold-down force rated for winds up to 35 m/s
  • Shoes with ceramic linings
  • Zinc-coated fasteners, Zn 12 µm
  • IP66, marine-grade
  • Compatibility with port control systems

Brakes for inclined quay conveyors

TKT/TKK shoe brakes with an electrohydraulic thruster for inclined coal, grain and fertilizer conveyors. They hold the belt on shutdown and prevent reverse motion under load weight. On long conveyors a combined arrangement is used: a main brake on the low-speed shaft and a backstop on the high-speed shaft for additional protection.

  • Electrohydraulic thruster Ed-50–Ed-301
  • Marine-grade shoes and springs
  • Manual release option
  • Pad wear monitoring
  • Compatibility with a shaft-mounted backstop
04

Couplings, current collectors and cable systems

Beyond classical couplings, port drives require dedicated components for transmitting power and signals to moving parts — the STS trolley, the RMG bridge, the slewing platforms of ship loaders. These include trolley busways for long berths and main-hoist cable reels that wind the trolley supply cable across 50–80 m of travel. Without them the very concept of a container terminal would not work. The couplings in a port drivetrain include gear drum couplings on main hoist drives, elastic pin-and-bush couplings on conveyors, fluid couplings on long bulk-handling conveyors, and combined brake-drum couplings on small- and medium-rated winches.

Gear couplings for STS main hoist and ship loaders

Yongjing GIICL / Longxuan WGZ double-engagement gear couplings transmit torque from the motor through the gearbox to the winch drum. The crowned tooth profile accommodates angular misalignment up to 1°, which matters for the long drum spans of an STS hoist. Marine-grade execution with protection against grease wash-out by salt moisture — labyrinth seals and heavy grease with a 6-month service interval.

  • Torque 100–600 kN·m
  • Angular misalignment up to 1°
  • Marine-grade execution, stainless fasteners
  • Labyrinth seals
  • Balancing grade G6.3

LONGXUAN brake-drum couplings on winches

Combined couplings with an integrated brake drum for travel, slewing and auxiliary winch drives. They save space in the confined geometry of the crane structure and simplify service — the brake and coupling are removed as one assembly. Torque 5–125 kN·m, polyurethane pin-and-bush elements damp shock loads on start-up.

  • Torque 5–125 kN·m
  • Integrated brake drum
  • Polyurethane elastic elements
  • Marine-grade execution
  • Elastic-element service life ≥ 30,000 h

JIAOHUA fluid couplings for quay conveyors

YOX/COX fluid couplings provide a soft start for long quay conveyors under full coal or grain load. Rated slip of 2–3% protects the motor against overload if the belt jams. A fusible plug rated 145–160 °C dumps the oil on overheat and automatically shuts down the drive. On multi-drive conveyors fluid couplings also balance torque distribution between drives.

  • Rated slip 2–4%
  • Fusible plug rated 145–160 °C
  • Marine-grade housing
  • Thermal reserve for 4–6 starts per hour
  • Optional safety valve

ANNENG trolley busways and cable reels

Power to the STS trolley and the RMG bridge is supplied through trolley busways along the span or through a motor-driven cable reel. The main-hoist cable reel winds 80–120 m of 4 × 95 mm² power cable, maintaining constant tension through a spring or electric drive. Contact trolleys carry currents up to 1,000 A as the trolley travels. The Anneng series is designed specifically for port conditions — IP66, marine-grade, salt-corrosion-protected.

  • Cable-reel power capacity up to 1,500 kW
  • Winding length 50–120 m
  • Power-cable cross-section up to 4 × 120 mm²
  • Marine-grade IP66
  • Compatibility with the trolley VFD control system

TIANIU backstops for quay conveyors

NJZ/NB backstop couplings are installed on the low-speed shaft of an inclined-conveyor drive station. They prevent reverse belt motion on drive shutdown — without them a 600 m conveyor with 800 t of coal in transit would run back and tear out the take-up. Marine-grade execution with seals against salt fog.

  • Holding torque 50–500 kN·m
  • Mounted on the low-speed shaft
  • Marine-grade execution with labyrinth seals
  • Self-lubricating design
  • Compatibility with the conveyor brake
SDS solutions
Equipment for the industry122
Image credits: Syced (CC0) · ROBINSON NIÑAL/PPD (Public domain) · Alf van Beem (CC0) · Chad Hargrave, CSIRO (CC BY 3.0) · Bernard Spragg. NZ (CC0)
Gallery
CGC BAR-WIRE
BONENG BE
WOLONG OLI
HUAWU BYW
JINGU ED
ZHONGHAI ED
YONGJING GICL
LONGXUAN GIICL